Provides common interface for protocols that run on LoRa/FSK modules, such as RTTY or LoRaWAN. Also extracts some common module-independent methods. Using this interface class allows to use the protocols on various modules without much code duplicity. Because this class is used mainly as interface, all of its virtual members must be implemented in the module class. More...

#include <PhysicalLayer.h>

Inheritance diagram for PhysicalLayer:

Public Member Functions
	PhysicalLayer (float freqStep, size_t maxPacketLength)
	Default constructor. More...

int16_t	transmit (const char *str, uint8_t addr=0)
	C-string transmit method. More...

virtual int16_t	transmit (uint8_t *data, size_t len, uint8_t addr=0)
	Binary transmit method. Must be implemented in module class. More...

virtual int16_t	sleep ()
	Sets module to sleep. More...

virtual int16_t	standby ()
	Sets module to standby. More...

virtual int16_t	standby (uint8_t mode)
	Sets module to a specific standby mode. More...

virtual int16_t	startReceive (uint32_t timeout, uint16_t irqFlags, uint16_t irqMask, size_t len)
	Interrupt-driven receive method. A DIO pin will be activated when full packet is received. Must be implemented in module class. More...

virtual int16_t	receive (uint8_t *data, size_t len)
	Binary receive method. Must be implemented in module class. More...

int16_t	startTransmit (const char *str, uint8_t addr=0)
	Interrupt-driven Arduino String transmit method. Unlike the standard transmit method, this one is non-blocking. Interrupt pin will be activated when transmission finishes. More...

virtual int16_t	startTransmit (uint8_t *data, size_t len, uint8_t addr=0)
	Interrupt-driven binary transmit method. More...

virtual int16_t	finishTransmit ()
	Clean up after transmission is done. More...

virtual int16_t	readData (uint8_t *data, size_t len)
	Reads data that was received after calling startReceive method. More...

virtual int16_t	transmitDirect (uint32_t frf=0)
	Enables direct transmission mode on pins DIO1 (clock) and DIO2 (data). Must be implemented in module class. While in direct mode, the module will not be able to transmit or receive packets. Can only be activated in FSK mode. More...

virtual int16_t	receiveDirect ()
	Enables direct reception mode on pins DIO1 (clock) and DIO2 (data). Must be implemented in module class. While in direct mode, the module will not be able to transmit or receive packets. Can only be activated in FSK mode. More...

virtual int16_t	setFrequency (float freq)
	Sets carrier frequency. Must be implemented in module class. More...

virtual int16_t	setBitRate (float br)
	Sets FSK bit rate. Only available in FSK mode. Must be implemented in module class. More...

virtual int16_t	setFrequencyDeviation (float freqDev)
	Sets FSK frequency deviation from carrier frequency. Only available in FSK mode. Must be implemented in module class. More...

virtual int16_t	setDataShaping (uint8_t sh)
	Sets GFSK data shaping. Only available in FSK mode. Must be implemented in module class. More...

virtual int16_t	setEncoding (uint8_t encoding)
	Sets FSK data encoding. Only available in FSK mode. Must be implemented in module class. More...

float	getFreqStep () const
	Gets the module frequency step size that was set in constructor. More...

virtual size_t	getPacketLength (bool update=true)
	Query modem for the packet length of received payload. Must be implemented in module class. More...

virtual float	getRSSI ()
	Gets RSSI (Recorded Signal Strength Indicator) of the last received packet. More...

virtual float	getSNR ()
	Gets SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) of the last received packet. Only available for LoRa modem. More...

int32_t	random (int32_t max)
	Get truly random number in range 0 - max. More...

int32_t	random (int32_t min, int32_t max)
	Get truly random number in range min - max. More...

virtual uint8_t	randomByte ()
	Get one truly random byte from RSSI noise. Must be implemented in module class. More...

int16_t	startDirect ()
	Configure module parameters for direct modes. Must be called prior to "ham" modes like RTTY or AX.25. Only available in FSK mode. More...

int16_t	setDirectSyncWord (uint32_t syncWord, uint8_t len)
	Set sync word to be used to determine start of packet in direct reception mode. More...

virtual void	setDirectAction (void(*func)(void))
	Set interrupt service routine function to call when data bit is receveid in direct mode. Must be implemented in module class. More...

virtual void	readBit (uint32_t pin)
	Function to read and process data bit in direct reception mode. Must be implemented in module class. More...

int16_t	available ()
	Get the number of direct mode bytes currently available in buffer. More...

void	dropSync ()
	Forcefully drop synchronization.

uint8_t	read (bool drop=true)
	Get data from direct mode buffer. More...

virtual int16_t	setDIOMapping (uint32_t pin, uint32_t value)
	Configure DIO pin mapping to get a given signal on a DIO pin (if available). More...

virtual void	setDio1Action (void(*func)(void))
	Sets interrupt service routine to call when DIO1 activates. More...

virtual void	clearDio1Action ()
	Clears interrupt service routine to call when DIO1 activates.

Friends
class	AFSKClient

class	RTTYClient

class	MorseClient

class	HellClient

class	SSTVClient

class	AX25Client

class	FSK4Client

class	PagerClient

Detailed Description

Provides common interface for protocols that run on LoRa/FSK modules, such as RTTY or LoRaWAN. Also extracts some common module-independent methods. Using this interface class allows to use the protocols on various modules without much code duplicity. Because this class is used mainly as interface, all of its virtual members must be implemented in the module class.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ PhysicalLayer()

PhysicalLayer::PhysicalLayer	(	float	freqStep,
		size_t	maxPacketLength
	)

Default constructor.

Parameters

freqStep	Frequency step of the synthesizer in Hz.
maxPacketLength	Maximum length of packet that can be received by the module.

Member Function Documentation

◆ available()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::available ( )

Get the number of direct mode bytes currently available in buffer.

Returns: Number of available bytes.

◆ finishTransmit()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::finishTransmit ( )

virtual

Clean up after transmission is done.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ getFreqStep()

float PhysicalLayer::getFreqStep ( ) const

Gets the module frequency step size that was set in constructor.

Returns: Synthesizer frequency step size in Hz.

◆ getPacketLength()

size_t PhysicalLayer::getPacketLength ( bool update = true )

virtual

Query modem for the packet length of received payload. Must be implemented in module class.

Parameters

update Update received packet length. Will return cached value when set to false.

Returns: Length of last received packet in bytes.

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ getRSSI()

float PhysicalLayer::getRSSI ( )

virtual

Gets RSSI (Recorded Signal Strength Indicator) of the last received packet.

Returns: RSSI of the last received packet in dBm.

Reimplemented in SX128x, RF69, and CC1101.

◆ getSNR()

float PhysicalLayer::getSNR ( )

virtual

Gets SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) of the last received packet. Only available for LoRa modem.

Returns: SNR of the last received packet in dB.

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, and SX126x.

◆ random() [1/2]

int32_t PhysicalLayer::random ( int32_t max )

Get truly random number in range 0 - max.

Parameters

max	The maximum value of the random number (non-inclusive).

Returns: Random number.

◆ random() [2/2]

int32_t PhysicalLayer::random	(	int32_t	min,
		int32_t	max
	)

Get truly random number in range min - max.

Parameters

min	The minimum value of the random number (inclusive).
max	The maximum value of the random number (non-inclusive).

Returns: Random number.

◆ randomByte()

uint8_t PhysicalLayer::randomByte ( )

virtual

Get one truly random byte from RSSI noise. Must be implemented in module class.

Returns: TRNG byte.

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ read()

uint8_t PhysicalLayer::read ( bool drop = true )

Get data from direct mode buffer.

Parameters

drop	Drop synchronization on read - next reading will require waiting for the sync word again. Defaults to true.

Returns: Byte from direct mode buffer.

◆ readBit()

void PhysicalLayer::readBit ( uint32_t pin )

virtual

Function to read and process data bit in direct reception mode. Must be implemented in module class.

Parameters

pin	Pin on which to read.

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ readData()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::readData	(	uint8_t *	data,
		size_t	len
	)

virtual

Reads data that was received after calling startReceive method.

Parameters

data	Pointer to array to save the received binary data.
len	Number of bytes that will be read. When set to 0, the packet length will be retreived automatically. When more bytes than received are requested, only the number of bytes requested will be returned.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ receive()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::receive	(	uint8_t *	data,
		size_t	len
	)

virtual

Binary receive method. Must be implemented in module class.

Parameters

data	Pointer to array to save the received binary data.
len	Number of bytes that will be received. Must be known in advance for binary transmissions.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ receiveDirect()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::receiveDirect ( )

virtual

Enables direct reception mode on pins DIO1 (clock) and DIO2 (data). Must be implemented in module class. While in direct mode, the module will not be able to transmit or receive packets. Can only be activated in FSK mode.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ setBitRate()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::setBitRate ( float br )

virtual

Sets FSK bit rate. Only available in FSK mode. Must be implemented in module class.

Parameters

br	Bit rate to be set (in kbps).

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX1278, SX1272, SX128x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ setDataShaping()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::setDataShaping ( uint8_t sh )

virtual

Sets GFSK data shaping. Only available in FSK mode. Must be implemented in module class.

Parameters

sh	Shaping to be set. See Data shaping filter values aliases. for possible values.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX1278, SX1272, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ setDio1Action()

void PhysicalLayer::setDio1Action ( void(*)(void) func )

virtual

Sets interrupt service routine to call when DIO1 activates.

Parameters

func	ISR to call.

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX126x, STM32WLx, and RF69.

◆ setDIOMapping()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::setDIOMapping	(	uint32_t	pin,
		uint32_t	value
	)

virtual

Configure DIO pin mapping to get a given signal on a DIO pin (if available).

Parameters

pin	Pin number onto which a signal is to be placed.
value	The value that indicates which function to place on that pin. See chip datasheet for details.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX127x, RF69, and CC1101.

◆ setDirectAction()

void PhysicalLayer::setDirectAction ( void(*)(void) func )

virtual

Set interrupt service routine function to call when data bit is receveid in direct mode. Must be implemented in module class.

Parameters

func	Pointer to interrupt service routine.

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ setDirectSyncWord()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::setDirectSyncWord	(	uint32_t	syncWord,
		uint8_t	len
	)

Set sync word to be used to determine start of packet in direct reception mode.

Parameters

syncWord	Sync word bits.
len	Sync word length in bits. Set to zero to disable sync word matching.

Returns: Status Codes

◆ setEncoding()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::setEncoding ( uint8_t encoding )

virtual

Sets FSK data encoding. Only available in FSK mode. Must be implemented in module class.

Parameters

enc	Encoding to be used. See Encoding type aliases. for possible values.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ setFrequency()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::setFrequency ( float freq )

virtual

Sets carrier frequency. Must be implemented in module class.

Parameters

freq	Carrier frequency to be set in MHz.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX1279, SX1278, SX1277, SX1276, SX1272, SX1268, SX1262, Si4432, Si4430, RFM96, RFM95, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ setFrequencyDeviation()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::setFrequencyDeviation ( float freqDev )

virtual

Sets FSK frequency deviation from carrier frequency. Only available in FSK mode. Must be implemented in module class.

Parameters

freqDev Frequency deviation to be set (in kHz).

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ sleep()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::sleep ( )

virtual

Sets module to sleep.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX127x, Si443x, RF69, and nRF24.

◆ standby() [1/2]

int16_t PhysicalLayer::standby ( )

virtual

Sets module to standby.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

◆ standby() [2/2]

int16_t PhysicalLayer::standby ( uint8_t mode )

virtual

Sets module to a specific standby mode.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX127x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, CC1101, SX128x, and SX126x.

◆ startDirect()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::startDirect ( )

Configure module parameters for direct modes. Must be called prior to "ham" modes like RTTY or AX.25. Only available in FSK mode.

Returns: Status Codes

◆ startReceive()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::startReceive	(	uint32_t	timeout,
		uint16_t	irqFlags,
		uint16_t	irqMask,
		size_t	len
	)

virtual

Interrupt-driven receive method. A DIO pin will be activated when full packet is received. Must be implemented in module class.

Parameters

timeout	Raw timeout value. Some modules use this argument to specify operation mode (single vs. continuous receive).
irqFlags	Sets the IRQ flags.
irqMask	Sets the mask of IRQ flags that will trigger the DIO pin.
len	Packet length, needed for some modules under special circumstances (e.g. LoRa implicit header mode).

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, CC1101, and SX127x.

◆ startTransmit() [1/2]

int16_t PhysicalLayer::startTransmit	(	const char *	str,
		uint8_t	addr = `0`
	)

Interrupt-driven Arduino String transmit method. Unlike the standard transmit method, this one is non-blocking. Interrupt pin will be activated when transmission finishes.

Parameters

str	C-string that will be transmitted.
addr	Node address to transmit the packet to. Only used in FSK mode.

Returns: Status Codes

◆ startTransmit() [2/2]

int16_t PhysicalLayer::startTransmit	(	uint8_t *	data,
		size_t	len,
		uint8_t	addr = `0`
	)

virtual

Interrupt-driven binary transmit method.

Parameters

data	Binary data that will be transmitted.
len	Length of binary data to transmit (in bytes).
addr	Node address to transmit the packet to. Only used in FSK mode.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, CC1101, and nRF24.

◆ transmit() [1/2]

int16_t PhysicalLayer::transmit	(	const char *	str,
		uint8_t	addr = `0`
	)

C-string transmit method.

Parameters

str	C-string that will be transmitted.
addr	Node address to transmit the packet to. Only used in FSK mode.

Returns: Status Codes

◆ transmit() [2/2]

int16_t PhysicalLayer::transmit	(	uint8_t *	data,
		size_t	len,
		uint8_t	addr = `0`
	)

virtual

Binary transmit method. Must be implemented in module class.

Parameters

data	Binary data that will be transmitted.
len	Length of binary data to transmit (in bytes).
addr	Node address to transmit the packet to. Only used in FSK mode.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, CC1101, and nRF24.

◆ transmitDirect()

int16_t PhysicalLayer::transmitDirect ( uint32_t frf = 0 )

virtual

Enables direct transmission mode on pins DIO1 (clock) and DIO2 (data). Must be implemented in module class. While in direct mode, the module will not be able to transmit or receive packets. Can only be activated in FSK mode.

Parameters

frf	24-bit raw frequency value to start transmitting at. Required for quick frequency shifts in RTTY.

Returns: Status Codes

Reimplemented in SX128x, SX127x, SX126x, Si443x, RF69, nRF24, and CC1101.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

src/protocols/PhysicalLayer/PhysicalLayer.h
src/protocols/PhysicalLayer/PhysicalLayer.cpp

Public Member Functions

Friends

Detailed Description

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ PhysicalLayer()

Member Function Documentation

◆ available()

◆ finishTransmit()

◆ getFreqStep()

◆ getPacketLength()

◆ getRSSI()

◆ getSNR()

◆ random() [1/2]

◆ random() [2/2]

◆ randomByte()

◆ read()

◆ readBit()

◆ readData()

◆ receive()

◆ receiveDirect()

◆ setBitRate()

◆ setDataShaping()

◆ setDio1Action()

◆ setDIOMapping()

◆ setDirectAction()

◆ setDirectSyncWord()

◆ setEncoding()

◆ setFrequency()

◆ setFrequencyDeviation()

◆ sleep()

◆ standby() [1/2]

◆ standby() [2/2]

◆ startDirect()

◆ startReceive()

◆ startTransmit() [1/2]

◆ startTransmit() [2/2]

◆ transmit() [1/2]

◆ transmit() [2/2]

◆ transmitDirect()